How did the Turks' expansion of the Ottoman Empire and their conquest of the Byzantine Empire and its capital Constantinople in 1453 influence European exploration?
A) It opened new trade routes to China over Central Asia.
B) It forced Europeans to search for alternate trade routes to China, bypassing the overland routes now controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
C) It enhanced the influence of the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa in the Eastern Mediterranean.
D) It enhanced the trade routes with China and East Asia through the Middle East.
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