The case of Cathy presented in your text is an example of major depressive disorder. One of the aspects of her case that clearly tells us this is more than just normal sadness is that Cathy

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One of the criteria for major depressive disorder is impairment in functioning, which is reflected in Cathy's inability to work effectively. The other options are not sufficient to make a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Manic or hypomanic symptoms would suggest bipolar disorder, but their absence does not rule out major depressive disorder. The fact that Cathy is separated from her husband is not necessarily relevant to the diagnosis. Finally, feeling unworthy of a promotion may be associated with depression, but is not enough to make a diagnosis on its own.

The Case of Cathy Presented in Your Text Is an Example