An Emphasis on Masturbation as a Cause of Mental Disorder

An emphasis on masturbation as a cause of mental disorder, or the deliberate injection of mentally ill patients with malaria, can be viewed as examples of

A) excessive emphasis on biological explanations.
B) a willingness to accept ideas that are not backed by scientific proof.
C) how little psychiatry has changed in the past 100 years.
D) the contempt with which most medical professionals viewed their patients.