Even though more than 2.3 percent of people have IQs below the 70 cutoff, the best estimate is that only 1 percent of the population has mental retardation. The prevalence of mental retardation is lower that the prevalence of low IQs because

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Many adults with low IQs have adequate adaptive skills, which means they are able to function independently in society. Mental retardation is diagnosed not just based on IQ scores, but also on impairments in adaptive skills. Therefore, not all individuals with low IQs meet the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation.

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