Bottom-up control of primary productivity refers to control by all of the below except

Question

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Bottom-up control of primary productivity is determined by abiotic factors such as light, nutrients, temperature, and salinity, which influence the availability of resources needed for the growth of primary producers. Grazing, which is a biotic factor involving the consumption of primary producers by herbivores, represents a form of top-down control rather than bottom-up control.

Bottom-Up Control of Primary Productivity Refers to Control by All