Why does a unified force split to become two separate forces?
A) The universe expands so much that carrier particles become too dense.
B) The average energy of photons in the universe becomes less than the mass of the unified force's carrier particles.
C) Dark energy becomes significant at later times and forces the two to split.
D) The spatial dimensions split and so must the forces.
E) Too many particles are created for the unified force to manage.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The splitting of a unified force occurs when the average energy of photons in the universe becomes less than the mass of the unified force's carrier particles. At this point, the carrier particles become unstable and split into two separate forces. This is known as symmetry breaking.

Why Does a Unified Force Split to Become Two Separate