The research of Spelke and Baillargeon shows that infants as young as 3 or 4 months old are capable of object permanence.Critics question whether an infant's _____ is a valid measure of object permanence.

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Infants cannot communicate in the same way adults and older children can, so their understanding of object permanence is often measured through looking times. When infants are shown a possible event (one that follows the laws of physics) and an impossible event (one that violates the laws of physics) they will often look longer at the impossible event. This is usually interpreted as evidence that they have some understanding of object permanence.

The Research of Spelke and Baillargeon Shows That Infants as Young