According to Kohlberg, reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments is called:

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Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes three levels of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. Reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments is characteristic of the preconventional level, which is the earliest stage of moral development. In this stage, individuals make moral judgments based on what is immediately beneficial to them or avoids punishment.

According to Kohlberg, Reasoning That Is Based on Rewards and Punishments