Question 1

Which of the following statements is most true of minority families and parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that due to the increased risk of danger in their neighborhoods, ethnic minority families may benefit from a higher level of parental control to keep their children safe. This does not necessarily mean that they use authoritarian parenting, but rather that they may need to exercise more control in certain situations. The other options are either too general or not supported by research.

Question 2

According to research, _________ can be an effective way for enhancing the development of adolescents' reasoning abilities, moral judgment, and empathy.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that family discussions which include explanations of decisions, rules, and expectations can enhance adolescents' reasoning abilities, moral judgment, and empathy. Conversations that allow for open dialogue and listening to differing perspectives can also encourage the development of critical thinking skills. Giving adolescents free rein or restricting their activities can hinder their development by not allowing them to learn from their mistakes or make decisions for themselves. Helping younger siblings enforce rules may be helpful in teaching responsibility and leadership skills, but it may not necessarily enhance reasoning abilities or empathy.

Question 3

Based on developmental research, which adolescent is most likely to experience healthy development?

Accepted Answer

Based on developmental research, adolescents who engage in verbal give-and-take with their parents are more likely to experience healthy development than those who have parents who encourage dependence or personal distance. This is because verbal give-and-take promotes autonomy and independence while still maintaining a connection with parents, which is important for healthy adolescent development.

Question 4

Judy's parents express love toward her and they let her, for the most part, establish her own schedule. She eats when she's hungry, has full run of the house, and sleeps when she's tired. This parenting style fits best with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The parenting style described in the scenario is indulgent or permissive parenting, which involves being very responsive and warm towards the child but having few rules and expectations. Parents in this style tend to avoid conflict and let their child do what they want. This is different from the authoritative style, which also involves warmth and responsiveness, but also has clear expectations and rules. The authoritarian style is characterized by strict rules and high expectations but low warmth and responsiveness. The indifferent style involves emotional detachment and lack of involvement in the child's life.

Question 5

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as:

Accepted Answer

Max's mother is being indulgent by not enforcing rules and doing whatever Max wants. This indicates a permissive parenting style, where parents are warm and responsive but have few rules and do not hold their children accountable for their behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the 10 Basic Principles of Good Parenting?

Accepted Answer

Being too loving is not a negative aspect of good parenting. Rather, it is important to show love, affection, and support to your child. The other three options are all part of the 10 Basic Principles of Good Parenting.

Question 7

Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with overall psychological competence?

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style is characterized by high levels of warmth and responsiveness along with high levels of expectations and demands for the child's behavior. This style has been consistently linked to overall psychological competence and positive outcomes in areas such as self-esteem, academic achievement, and social behavior. The other styles listed (authoritarian, indulgent, and indifferent) have been associated with negative outcomes or lower levels of psychological well-being in children.

Question 8

Joshua's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

Joshua's parents set rules but also take his opinions into consideration, which is a characteristic of authoritative parenting. This style emphasizes communication and responsiveness, while still maintaining boundaries and expectations for behavior.

Question 9

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting is associated with children who are more responsible, self-assured, adaptive, creative, and intellectually curious, while authoritarian parenting is linked to children who are more dependent, passive, less socially adept, and less self-assured.

Question 10

Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style?

Accepted Answer

Tammy's father exhibits the characteristics of an authoritarian parenting style, which is characterized by strict rules, high expectations, and little explanation for the rules. The emphasis is on obedience and conformity, and punishment is often used to enforce compliance. The parent is seen as having ultimate authority and control, and children may not feel comfortable expressing their opinions or feelings.

Question 11

Don's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences, and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind's classification of parenting styles, the best guess is that Don's parents are:

Accepted Answer

Don's passive and indifferent behavior and low self-esteem suggest that his parents may be authoritarian, which is a parenting style characterized by high control and low warmth. Authoritarian parents often impose strict rules and punish their children for even minor infractions, which can lead to a child feeling discouraged from exploring their environment and developing intellectual curiosity. This parenting style can also contribute to low self-esteem as the child may feel they can never meet their parent's high expectations.

Question 12

Growing up, Jessica's parents had a lot of marital conflict. At times Jessica was even exposed to some domestic violence. Jessica is likely to develop which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Growing up in an environment with marital conflict and domestic violence can have a significant impact on a child's development. Children exposed to these situations are at higher risk for developing depression, aggression, and delinquency. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Marcus feels like his parents don't care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Marcus's parents would be described best as fitting into which of Baumrind's parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

Marcus's parents are not providing rules or support, which suggests they are indifferent to his needs. This is characteristic of the indifferent or neglectful parenting style in Baumrind's theory.

Question 14

Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who display psychosocial maturity, such as acting responsible, exhibiting good judgment, and making appropriate decisions, can help shape authoritative parenting. This behavior leads parents to encourage further development of maturity and provides a positive reinforcement of authoritative parenting.

Question 15

Michelle is in late adolescence. She excels in school, holds an after-school job, and participates in community service projects on the weekends. Michelle also has lots of friends at school. Her parents most likely use which parenting style?

Accepted Answer

Michelle's ability to excel in school, hold a job, and participate in community service projects suggest that her parents have established clear rules and expectations while also allowing for independence and autonomy. This is characteristic of an authoritative parenting style, which has been shown to promote healthy adolescent development.

Question 16

Which parenting characteristic is more prevalent among ethnic minorities?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that ethnic minority parents tend to emphasize the importance of obedience, discipline, and respect for authority, which aligns with a more demanding parenting style. This may be due to cultural values and beliefs that prioritize collectivism and social harmony over individualism. However, it is important to note that parenting styles can vary within and across cultures, and there is still a need for further research in this area.

Question 17

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be:

Accepted Answer

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be less mature and more conforming to their peers because they lack clear limits and boundaries set by their parents.

Question 18

Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except:

Accepted Answer

The assertion of parental authority by turning adolescents' personal decisions into moral issues is not a characteristic of authoritative parenting. Instead, authoritative parenting involves parents setting clear expectations and limits, while also encouraging communication and discussion with their children to help them understand the reasoning behind the rules and decisions. This approach allows children to develop critical thinking skills, empathy, and social competence.

Question 19

Optimal development during adolescence appears to be facilitated by the ________ style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting style results in a balance between high expectations and warm, supportive behavior. Adolescents with authoritative parents tend to develop better social skills, self-esteem, and academic achievement. They also tend to experience fewer behavior problems and engage in less risky behaviors such as alcohol and drug abuse. On the other hand, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful parenting styles may hinder optimal development during adolescence.

Question 20

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that authoritative parenting, while less common among some ethnic minority families, has positive effects on adolescent development across various ethnic groups.

Quiz 4: Families