The best research design to distinguish among age, period, and cohort effects is:

Question

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Longitudinal study design is the best choice to distinguish among age, period, and cohort effects. This is because it allows researchers to examine changes in a particular individual or group over time, making it possible to identify cohort effects. It also allows researchers to control for age and period effects, which can be difficult in cross-sectional studies. Secondary data may provide some insights into these effects, but it is limited by the data available and may not provide the specificity needed to distinguish among the three effects. Participant observation, though useful in some research contexts, is not well-suited to distinguishing among these specific effects.

The Best Research Design to Distinguish Among Age, Period, and Cohort