An Example of Where an Entity Has a Present Obligation

An example of where an entity has a present obligation is:

A) a public announcement made by an entity's management to undertake restructuring.
B) a recommendation from the HR manager to the Board as to the level of bonuses to be paid at year end.
C) a historical pattern of performing a major overhaul of machinery every two years.
D) the declaration of a dividend by directors which is required to be ratified at a meeting of shareholders