Which of the following evidence is particularly difficult to obtain when one is trying to determine efficient causality based on relational research?
A) internal validity
B) covariation
C) temporal precedence
D) external validity

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Temporal precedence, or the ability to establish that the cause preceded the effect, can be particularly difficult to establish in relational research where data is collected at one point in time or from existing records. Internal validity, covariation, and external validity can still be assessed in relational research.

Which of the Following Evidence Is Particularly Difficult to Obtain