The central reason why there are gains from international trade is because

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The central reason for gains from international trade is that resources (such as labor, capital, and natural resources) are not equally distributed among all nations. This uneven distribution leads to differences in comparative advantage, allowing countries to specialize in the production of goods for which they have a lower opportunity cost and trade for goods that would be more costly for them to produce domestically. This specialization and trade increase overall efficiency and allow countries to consume more than they would in isolation.

The Central Reason Why There Are Gains from International Trade