The Nurse Is Caring for a Preschool Age Client Who

The nurse is caring for a preschool age client who is hospitalized for internal fixation of a fractured arm. The nurse is considering nonpharmacological pain management techniques to implement. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

A) Offer a glucose-coated pacifier.
B) Sit with the child and allow her to "blow bubbles."
C) Explain to the child the cause of the pain.
D) Teach the use of guided imagery.
E) Hold the child.