A Controversial Supreme Court Ruling in 1984 Limited Application of Title

A controversial Supreme Court ruling in 1984 limited application of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 only to colleges and universities that received federal funds.One of the major consequences of this ruling was that:

A) fewer female students were admitted into colleges and universities
B) it ended a system of racial and gender quotas in college admission decisions
C) student diversity was not seen as a compelling state interest to justify affirmative action at colleges and universities
D) it became more difficult for the federal government to enforce laws guaranteeing civil rights and equal rights at colleges and universities
E) several athletic programs were released from their obligation to provide equal opportunity for female athletes