The nurse is interviewing the mother of a toddler who verbalizes concerns that her child uses the toilet to void, but refuses to use the toilet for bowel movements, and often hides to defecate. Which stage of Freud's psychologic development is this toddler experiencing?

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This behavior suggests that the child is in the anal stage of Freud's psychologic development, which occurs from approximately 18 months to three years of age. During this stage, the child focuses on toilet training and the gratification of bowel and bladder elimination. The child may experience conflict and anxiety related to control and autonomy, which can manifest in behaviors such as withholding or hiding bowel movements.

The Nurse Is Interviewing the Mother of a Toddler Who