Ivan, who believes that intelligence is a malleable trait, is enrolled in several advanced placement classes. Mastering the subject material is more important to him than getting good grades. Ivan probably emphasizes:

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Ivan's focus on mastering the subject material reflects a learning goal orientation, which prioritizes the acquisition of knowledge and skills over external rewards such as good grades (which would align with a performance goal orientation). Ivan's emphasis on the malleability of intelligence suggests that he may also be interested in using self-regulatory strategies to improve his abilities, but this is not necessarily the primary focus of his goal orientation. Evaluation goals are typically focused on demonstrating competence, rather than developing it, and so are not as relevant to Ivan's approach.

Ivan, Who Believes That Intelligence Is a Malleable Trait, Is