The hypothesis for proton driven ATP synthesis depends on proton neutralization of the negative charge on c-subunit ____ residues as the rotor turns. This causes the ____-subunit to turn relative to the three ____-subunits.

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The hypothesis for proton-driven ATP synthesis, also known as the chemiosmotic mechanism, involves protons neutralizing the negative charge on aspartic acid (Asp) residues on the c-subunit as the rotor turns. This action causes the γ-subunit to turn relative to the three β-subunits, facilitating ATP synthesis.

The Hypothesis for Proton Driven ATP Synthesis Depends on Proton