All of the coenzymes listed participate in electron transfer EXCEPT: A) FAD. B) biotin. C) NAD⁺. D) vitamin C. E) lipoic acid.

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Biotin is not involved in electron transfer, but rather acts as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes that transfer CO2 groups. The other choices are all involved in electron transfer in various ways. FAD is a flavin-containing coenzyme that is reduced and oxidized during redox reactions. NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes that accept electrons and protons to become NADH and NADPH, respectively. Lipoic acid is a cofactor in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and participates in the transfer of acetyl groups via redox reactions. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a coenzyme in some enzymatic reactions that involve the transfer of electrons.

All of the Coenzymes Listed Participate in Electron Transfer EXCEPT