Question 1

Advances in women's rights are largely the result of the __________.

Accepted Answer

The feminist movement has played a significant role in advocating for and achieving advances in women's rights, such as the right to vote, access to education and employment, and reproductive rights. The civil rights movement has also contributed to this progress, but it primarily focused on racial equality. The Defense of Marriage Act and legalization of cohabitation are not directly related to women's rights.

Question 2

How have parents' socialization practices changed over time?

Accepted Answer

Over time, there has been a shift towards less gendered socialization practices, with parents encouraging girls to take part in a broader range of activities, such as sports, that were traditionally associated with boys.

Question 3

Which of the following research designs would be most desirable to measure changes in two groups where one receives a "treatment"?

Accepted Answer

A random-assignment experiment is the most desirable research design to measure changes in two groups where one receives a "treatment." This is because the randomization process helps to ensure that any differences in outcomes between the groups are due to the treatment and not other confounding factors. Random sampling, sex vs. gender, and stereotypical experiments are not relevant to measuring changes in two groups with a treatment.

Question 4

Marcus has been ridiculed and harassed at school for being gay. His classmates shun his company and he has been the victim of numerous threats. Marcus is fearful for his life. He is the victim of __________.

Accepted Answer

Marcus is the victim of homophobia, which is the fear or hatred of people who identify as LGBTQ+. This is evidenced by the fact that Marcus is being ridiculed and harassed because of his sexual orientation, and that his classmates are shunning him and threatening him.

Question 5

As a homework assignment, Dr. Calibri tells his students to find and bring to the next class meeting a picture of heteronormativity. Which of the following images is a student most likely to bring in?

Accepted Answer

Heteronormativity refers to the assumption that heterosexuality is the norm in society. A picture of a female bride and male groom represents the traditional and expected gender roles and sexual orientation in a wedding, making it a prime example of heteronormativity. The other options, such as two female brides or two male grooms, challenge the idea of heteronormativity by featuring same-sex couples. A picture of two men and their adopted baby challenges gender roles but may not necessarily challenge heteronormativity.

Question 6

Carrie and Steven plan to marry next summer and decide to move in together before the wedding. Carrie and Steven are engaging in what sociologists refer to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Cohabitation refers to the act of two people living together in a romantic relationship without being married. This is the case with Carrie and Steven, as they are not yet married but are planning to move in together before their wedding. A hookup refers to a casual sexual encounter, and hanging out or getting together are much more general terms that do not necessarily imply a romantic relationship.

Question 7

Ben is interested in conducting research that looks at the sexual behavior of unmarried adults. He wants to utilize surveys that come from a sample with responses that are representative of the U.S. population. Ben is likely to use which research strategy?

Accepted Answer

Ben wants to ensure that his sample is representative of the U.S. population, therefore he is likely to use probability samples that allow him to randomly select participants from a larger population. This method will increase the chances that his results accurately reflect the behaviors of unmarried adults in the U.S.

Question 8

__________ challenge the notion that gender is binary.

Accepted Answer

Transgendered individuals challenge the societal norm that gender is binary by identifying as a gender other than the one they were assigned at birth or by rejecting gender altogether. Lesbians, heterosexuals, and women may challenge traditional gender roles or expectations, but they do not necessarily challenge the binary nature of gender itself.

Question 9

What does DOMA stand for?

Accepted Answer

DOMA stands for the Defense of Marriage Act, which was a federal law in the United States that defined marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman, and prevented the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages.

Question 10

After dating exclusively for four years, George and Michael would like to get married. Living in the United States in 2014, what is the most likely outcome for their getting married?

Accepted Answer

In 2014, same-sex marriage was only legal in certain states in the United States. Therefore, the couple would be able to get married, but only in certain states.

Question 11

Joseph was born a biological male. He always felt that he was supposed to be female and eventually had surgery to correct his perceived incorrect assignment. Joseph now lives as Josephine. Josephine is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

Josephine's experience of feeling that their gender identity did not align with their biological sex at birth is characteristic of being transgender. Their decision to have corrective surgery is a personal choice and not indicative of sexual orientation, which is why options A, B, and D are not the best choices.

Question 12

Ellen is a sociologist interested in studying how the gender revolution has impacted the composition of sexes in various fields of employment. She will study the percentage of males to females in specific occupations. Ellen is likely to utilize an index that will measure __________.

Accepted Answer

Ellen's research question pertains to the percentage of males to females in specific occupations, which is an indicator of occupational sex segregation. Therefore, she is likely to utilize an index that measures occupational sex segregation. The other options, such as the double standard of sexuality, heteronormativity, and social construction of gender, are not directly related to her research question.

Question 13

Kelly and Jonah are in a romantic relationship. What is most likely their sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Kelly and Jonah are in a romantic relationship, indicating that they are attracted to each other romantically and sexually. Since they are in a heterosexual relationship, it is most likely that both of them identify as heterosexual.

Question 14

What are stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are beliefs about a group of people that are often untrue or exaggerated, based on assumptions and generalizations rather than individual experiences or knowledge. They can be harmful and lead to discrimination or unfair treatment of individuals based on their group membership. Examples of stereotypes include assumptions about racial or ethnic groups, gender roles, sexual orientation, and religious beliefs.

Question 15

Mary has a very busy life. As a result, she prefers casual sexual liaisons with no expectation of a relationship to ensue. To Mary, __________ is ideal.

Accepted Answer

Mary prefers casual sexual liaisons, which can be categorized as a hookup - a brief sexual encounter with no expectation of a committed relationship.

Question 16

When Ashley's parents drop her off at school, she immediately goes to the bathroom and applies makeup. In this scenario, the agent of socialization impacting her immediate behavior is __________.

Accepted Answer

In this scenario, Ashley's immediate behavior is influenced by her peers who may have introduced her to the idea of wearing makeup at a young age or who also wear makeup themselves.

Question 17

Young people today are much more likely than young people in the 1970s to __________.

Accepted Answer

Cohabitation has become more common among young people today compared to the 1970s, as societal norms and attitudes towards living together before marriage have evolved.

Question 18

Tom has been casually dating several women for the past year. He has been described as a "player" by his friends. Rosa, on the other hand, has been criticized for dating several men at the same time. This scenario is indicative of __________.

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented suggests that there is a double standard of sexuality at play, where men are often praised for dating multiple partners while women who do the same are criticized. This double standard perpetuates gender stereotypes and reinforces a patriarchal view of sexuality.

Question 19

Kendra is an introductory sociology student. For a class project, she decides to study messages in the mass media. She notices that there are very few role models for young gays and lesbians. Kendra concludes that the messages in the media reflect __________.

Accepted Answer

Heteronormativity refers to the belief that heterosexuality is the norm and is therefore privileged in society. The lack of representation of gay and lesbian role models in mass media reflects the assumption that only heterosexuality is normal and acceptable, which is an example of heteronormativity. Homophobia (A) refers to irrational fear or hatred of homosexuality or homosexuals, which may be a factor in the absence of gay and lesbian role models, but it is not the best answer in this context. Heterosexism (C) is a system of oppression that privileges heterosexuals over non-heterosexuals, but it is similar to and often used interchangeably with heteronormativity. A double standard of sexuality (D) refers to differential expectations or rules applied to individuals based on their gender or sexual orientation, which may be related to the lack of gay and lesbian role models, but it is not as specific to the media as heteronormativity.

Question 20

The highest rate of births outside of marriage occurs among __________.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the highest rate of births outside of marriage occurs among lower-income men and women who do not finish college.

Quiz 12: Gender and Sexuality