If a bank pays a check notwithstanding a "stop payment order," it is only liable to the customer if the customer can prove she suffered a loss as a result of the payment.

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This is true. The bank is only liable for damages if the customer can prove that they suffered a loss as a result of the unauthorized payment. This is because a stop payment order is not a guarantee that the payment will be stopped, and the bank may have already processed the payment before receiving the order.

If a Bank Pays a Check Notwithstanding a "Stop Payment