Miliary distribution of scattered radiopacities within the lung is seen with hematogenous spread of tuberculosis, as well as infection with __________.

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Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to numerous small nodular shadows (resembling millet seeds) throughout the lungs. Varicella-zoster virus, the cause of chickenpox and shingles, can also disseminate hematogenously in immunocompromised individuals, causing a similar miliary pattern on chest radiographs. The other options listed do not typically cause a miliary pattern on imaging.

Miliary Distribution of Scattered Radiopacities Within the Lung Is Seen