If early Viking explorers in Greenland and North America had survived and become the main ancestors of early North American settlers, rather than the mixture of immigrants from across Europe and other continents, today there would be a much higher incidence of Nordic traits in the U.S. population. Such a scenario would demonstrate

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The scenario described demonstrates the Founder Effect, as a small group of Vikings would have established a new population with limited genetic diversity, leading to a higher incidence of their unique traits in descendants. The other options do not fit the scenario as well: gene flow would imply ongoing contact between different populations, the bottleneck effect would require a sudden reduction in population size, genetic drift would suggest random changes in allele frequency, and directional selection implies a shift in the overall characteristics of a population due to environmental factors.

If Early Viking Explorers in Greenland and North America Had