During _______________ the homologous chromosome pairs separate in a random fashion leading to genetic diversity among the offspring.

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Independent assortment occurs during meiosis where the homologous chromosomes randomly align and separate, resulting in different combinations of traits in the resulting gametes. This process contributes to genetic diversity among the offspring. Metaphase, anaphase II, and mitosis do not involve the separation of homologous chromosomes and are not related to genetic diversity via independent assortment.

During _______________ the Homologous Chromosome Pairs Separate in a Random