The process of conversion of nutrients from an organic form into an inorganic form that plants can use is called

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Mineralization is the process by which microbes break down organic matter into its inorganic components such as minerals, ammonium, and nitrates, which can be taken up by plant roots. Immobilization is the opposite process, where microorganisms use up available mineral nutrients to build their own bodies, which temporarily reduces the availability of those nutrients for the plants. Respiration is the process by which organisms release energy from organic compounds, usually using oxygen, and transpiration is the release of water vapor from plant leaves. Neither of these processes directly involves nutrient conversion.

The Process of Conversion of Nutrients from an Organic Form