________ is a business model in which the suppliers to a manufacturer manage the manufacturer's inventory levels based on preestablished service levels.

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The business model described in which the suppliers manage the manufacturer's inventory levels is known as vendor-managed inventory (VMI). This involves the supplier monitoring the manufacturer's inventory levels and restocking as necessary to maintain preestablished service levels. Just-in-case manufacturing refers to holding excess inventory as a buffer, while scan-based trading involves inventory being owned by the supplier until it is scanned at the point of sale. Lean manufacturing and just-in-time both emphasize minimizing inventory levels, but do not involve direct supplier management of inventory.

________ Is a Business Model in Which the Suppliers to a Manufacturer