The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

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The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that a small cell (such as a prokaryotic cell) was engulfed by a larger cell (such as a eukaryotic cell) and instead of being digested, they formed a mutually beneficial relationship in which the smaller cell lived inside the larger cell. Over time, the smaller cell evolved into a specialized organelle (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts) within the larger cell, and both cells benefited from the arrangement.

The Endosymbiosis Hypothesis Proposes That