Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are

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Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the only plant groups that produce pollen and seeds, which are adaptations that enable fertilization and embryo development to occur in dry terrestrial environments. This allowed them to reproduce and thrive on land, whereas earlier plants required water for fertilization and reproduction. A and B are characteristics that were present in earlier plant groups, while C is unique to angiosperms only.

Two Characteristics Shared by Gymnosperms and Angiosperms That Are Absent