The Literary Digest error concerning the outcome of the 1936 U.S.Presidential election was apparently caused by:
A)selection bias
B)nonresponse bias
C)both selection bias and nonresponse bias
D)both selection bias and regression toward the mean

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The error was caused by both selection bias and nonresponse bias. The Literary Digest used telephone and magazine subscriber lists to conduct their poll, which led to a biased sample of mostly wealthy and Republican voters. Additionally, only a small percentage of those sampled responded to the survey, which further skewed the results towards certain groups.

The Literary Digest Error Concerning the Outcome of the 1936