In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP in chemiosmosis is the energy released from movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase. This movement of protons down their gradient is driven by the electron transport system, which produces a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The energy released by the movement of protons down this gradient is directly used to power the synthesis of ATP from ADP and ℗i by the enzyme ATP synthase. Substrate-level phosphorylation and dehydration synthesis reactions do not directly provide the energy for ATP synthesis in chemiosmosis.

In Chemiosmosis, What Is the Most Direct Source of Energy