In excreted urine, a reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated is ________.

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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced by the placenta following implantation. It is detectable in the urine of pregnant women and is often used as a marker to confirm pregnancy. Progesterone and oestrogen may also be produced during pregnancy, but their levels in urine are not as reliable indicators of pregnancy as hCG. Follicle-stimulating hormone is a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and would not be a reliable marker for pregnancy initiation.

In Excreted Urine, a Reliable "Marker" That a Pregnancy Has