Recall that Elliot Aronson and his colleagues (1991,1993)designed experiments to remind students of their own hypocrisy when it came to using condoms during sex.Participants who made videotaped speeches in which they talked about the difficulties they had using condoms actually changed their attitudes and behaviors related to condom use.These experiments are actually variations on the phenomenon of the ____ paradigm.

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The experiments designed by Elliot Aronson and his colleagues are variations on the phenomenon of counterattitudinal advocacy paradigm. This paradigm involves inducing individuals to publicly state an opinion or belief that is counter to their own attitudes or beliefs. The goal is to generate dissonance between their attitudes and behaviors, leading to attitudinal change. In this case, participants were induced to publicly acknowledge the difficulties they faced in using condoms, which created dissonance and led to changes in their attitudes and behaviors related to condom use. Justification of effort, post-decision dissonance, and insufficient punishment paradigms are also related to attitude change but do not specifically involve inducing individuals to express counterattitudinal beliefs.

Recall That Elliot Aronson and His Colleagues (1991,1993)designed Experiments to Remind