Researchers have concluded that in general, ________ norms are more effective than ________ norms in reducing litter.

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Injunctive norms refer to social norms that describe what people ought to do, while descriptive norms refer to social norms that describe what people actually do. Studies have shown that emphasizing injunctive norms (e.g. "Don't litter, it's harmful to the environment") is more effective than emphasizing descriptive norms (e.g. "Most people don't litter here") in reducing littering behavior.

Researchers Have Concluded That in General, ________ Norms Are More