How Would Investment Model Researchers Like Caryl Rusbult and John

How would investment model researchers like Caryl Rusbult and John Martz (1995) explain why battered women often return to their abusive partners?

A) These women might be poor and have no other economic alternative.
B) Their abusive partners must reward them in other ways.
C) These women are probably in exchange relationships.
D) Their partners have battered these women's self-esteem to the basement.