Recall an experiment in which participants were insulted either before or after they learned that the offender was upset due to a low grade (Johnson & Rule,1986).Participants were more likely to retaliate when the situation was explained to them after the insult.These results support the idea that provocation is less likely to result in an aggressive response when

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The experiment shows that participants were less likely to retaliate when they learned of the offender's low grade before being insulted. This suggests that when we are aware of mitigating circumstances or reasons for someone's behavior ahead of time, we are less likely to respond aggressively to any subsequent provocation. Therefore, option D, "we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time," is the best choice. None of the other options are supported by the study's findings.

Recall an Experiment in Which Participants Were Insulted Either Before