Rachel became afraid of dogs after her neighbor's friendly dog ran up to her unexpectedly, knocked her over, and licked her face. Her fear can be explained by

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Rachel's fear of dogs can be explained by classical conditioning, as the friendly dog's sudden approach and licking can be considered an unconditioned stimulus that elicited an unconditioned response of fear. Over time, Rachel associated that fear with dogs in general, making it a conditioned response to seeing or encountering dogs.

Rachel Became Afraid of Dogs After Her Neighbor's Friendly Dog