Which One of the Following Has NOT Been Given as a Reason

Which one of the following has NOT been given as a reason why parental warmth is important in the socialization process?

A) Children wish to maintain the approval of warm and loving parents.
B) Warm parents often place few demands on their children in order to avoid conflict, resulting in more harmonious homes.
C) The use of reasoning and explanation by warm parents permits internalization of social rules by the child.
D) Loving parents are likely to be responsive parents, which in turn leads to higher self-esteem in children.