______, more than any other activity, characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the profession.

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Assessment of intelligence, including intelligence testing, was a primary focus of clinical psychology during its earliest years. Clinical psychologists utilized intelligence tests to diagnose and treat individuals with cognitive impairments and to assess the intellectual abilities of soldiers during World War I. It was believed that intelligence testing could provide valuable information about an individual's potential for success in various areas of life. While cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies and motivational interviewing are now commonly used in clinical psychology, they were not developed or widely practiced during the earliest years of the profession.

______, More Than Any Other Activity, Characterized Clinical Psychology During