In one study, participants in Group 1 were given a pill and told, "This pill will make you a bit jumpy, will make your palms sweat, and may give you butterflies in the stomach." Participants in Group 2 were given the same pill, but they were told, "This pill may make you a little sleepy." In both cases, the pill was a placebo. All participants were then exposed to electric shocks and were asked to rate how painful each shock had seemed. Given other evidence, we would expect that:

Question

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Participants in Group 1 were primed to expect symptoms that could be attributed to anxiety or arousal, which might lead them to attribute some of the discomfort from the shocks to the pill's effects, thus perceiving the shocks as less painful.

In One Study, Participants in Group 1 Were Given a Pill