"Bottom-Up (Or "Data-Driven") Mechanisms" Refer To

"Bottom-up (or "data-driven") mechanisms" refer to:

A) the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence
B) mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information
C) mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual
D) the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data