Sociologists Cite All of the Following as Reasons for the Recent

Sociologists cite all of the following as reasons for the recent economic advances of the East Asian newly industrializing economies (NIEs) EXCEPT:

A) Most were part of colonial situations that, while imposing many hardships, also helped to pave the way for economic growth.
B) The East Asian region benefited from a long period of world economic growth between the 1950s and the mid-1970s.
C) Economic growth in this region took off at the high point of the cold war, when the United States and its allies, in erecting a defense against communist China, provided generous economic aid that fueled investment in such new technologies as transistors, semiconductors, and other electronics, which contributed to the development of local industries.
D) Dictatorial controls allowed for smoothly run, centrally planned economies that eschewed democratic planning as well as market mechanisms.
E) Many of the East Asian governments followed strong policies that favored economic growth: keeping labor costs low, encouraging economic development through tax breaks and other economic policies, and offering free public education.