Which Is a Factor in the Rise of Modern Racism

Which is a factor in the rise of modern racism?

A) The slave trade could not have been carried on had Europeans not constructed a belief system that allowed them to justify their actions by convincing themselves that Africans belonged to an inferior, even subhuman, race.
B) Racism helped justify colonial rule over nonwhite peoples and denied them the rights of political participation that were being won by whites in the European homelands of the colonizers.
C) An opposition between the colors white and black as cultural symbols was deeply rooted in European culture.
D) The concept of race was invented and diffused.
E) All of the above are factors.