Why Were Workers Powerless to Be Helpful and Make Things

Why were workers powerless to be helpful and make things work again in sociologist Richard Sennett's study on the skill debate that was cited in the text?

A) They lacked a university education.
B) Labor unions refused to allow them proper training.
C) Their employers fired them before they could do so.
D) As employees of large transnational corporations, they changed location of employment too often to really get a handle on how to do their jobs properly.
E) Automation had diminished their autonomy.