According to the Critical Thinking box, psychologists Irving Kirsch and Wayne Braffman propose that many highly suggestible participants are just as responsive to suggestions when they have not been hypnotized as they are when they have been hypnotized. They note that hypnosis does not reflect a distinct brain state, but rather individual differences in the degree to which a person is able to experience an imaginary state of affairs as if it were real. Their explanation of hypnosis is called:

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Kirsch and Braffman's explanation of hypnosis is called the imaginative suggestibility view. They propose that individual differences in the degree to which a person is able to experience an imaginary state of affairs as if it were real, rather than a distinct brain state, is what makes hypnosis effective.

According to the Critical Thinking Box, Psychologists Irving Kirsch and Wayne