The idea that people living in urban, industrialized environments have a great deal of perceptual experience in judging lines, corners, edges, and other rectangular, manufactured objects, and consequently are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion is referred to as:

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The carpentered-world hypothesis proposes that people living in urban, industrialized environments have a lot of experience with rectangular, manufactured objects, which primes them to perceive angles and corners as right angles, even when they are not. This familiarity can make them more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion, where two lines of equal length appear unequal due to the addition of angled lines at their ends. The other options - mere exposure effect, opponent-process theory, and frequency theory - are unrelated to this idea.

The Idea That People Living in Urban, Industrialized Environments Have