On three separate occasions when she was out in public over the past three months, Vanessa has had to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells during which her heart pounded and she felt as if she couldn't breathe. On the last occasion she went to the emergency room, but a thorough examination ruled out any medical problem. Nevertheless, Vanessa has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes, and she has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings. Vanessa seems to be displaying symptoms of:

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Vanessa's fear and avoidance of public places and restriction of activities suggest agoraphobia. Dizzy spells, heart pounding, and shortness of breath are common symptoms of panic attacks, which often accompany agoraphobia. As medical causes have been ruled out, agoraphobia is a likely diagnosis. Posttraumatic stress disorder may involve panic attacks, but Vanessa's symptoms do not suggest a traumatic event as the cause. Generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder are not indicated because Vanessa's anxiety is specific to being in public places, rather than a pervasive or social fear.

On Three Separate Occasions When She Was Out in Public