The tendency to blame ourselves for our failures and to downplay our successes by attributing them to external, situational causes is called the self-effacing bias.

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This statement is true. The self-effacing bias is a common cognitive bias in which individuals tend to attribute their failures to internal factors, such as their own lack of ability or effort, while downplaying their successes by attributing them to external, situational factors beyond their control. This bias can have negative consequences for self-esteem and motivation.

The Tendency to Blame Ourselves for Our Failures and to Downplay