Question 1

In psychoanalyst Karen Horney's view, people who move "against" others have a strong need for:

Accepted Answer

According to Karen Horney's theory, people who move "against" others have a deep need for power and feelings of superiority. These individuals may appear aggressive, competitive, and confrontational as they strive to gain control over others and assert their dominance. Their behavior may also serve as a defense mechanism to protect against feelings of vulnerability and insecurity.

Question 2

According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, people who move "away from" other people may have an excessive need for:

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney suggested that people who move "away from" others often have an excessive need for independence and self-sufficiency, as they tend to withdraw to avoid dependency and maintain autonomy.

Question 3

Psychoanalyst Karen Horney described _____ as "the feeling that a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world."

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney described "basic anxiety" as "the feeling that a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world." The other options, such as the superiority complex, inferiority complex, and neuroticism, do not directly relate to Horney's concept of basic anxiety.

Question 4

It was _____ who said, "One should be capable of giving in to others, of fighting, and of keeping to oneself. The three can complement each other and make for a harmonious whole."

Accepted Answer

The answer of It was _____ who said, "One should...

Question 5

The inferiority complex is to _____ as basic anxiety is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The inferiority complex is a concept developed by Alfred Adler, while basic anxiety is a concept developed by Karen Horney.

Question 6

According to Alfred Adler:

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler emphasized the importance of self-improvement, mastery, and forward movement towards self-realization. He believed that the fundamental human motive is to strive towards perfection and overcome challenges, rather than being driven by instinctual and biological forces, as proposed by Sigmund Freud. Adler's theory of individual psychology focuses on the formation of individual personality and how people cope with the challenges of life.

Question 7

Jung believed that the sense of self and psychic wholeness are universally symbolized by:

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that the mandala, which is a symbol of the self or psychic wholeness, is universally recognized across cultures and can be found in dreams, religious and spiritual traditions, and art forms. The mandala represents a balance of opposites and the integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that archetypes are inherited mental images that reflect universal human themes, such as the mother, the hero, and the shadow. These archetypes are present in the collective unconscious and influence an individual's personality and behavior.

Question 9

In contrast to Freud, psychoanalyst Karen Horney emphasized the importance of _____ in personality development.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that cultural and social factors, such as the environment a person grows up in and the expectations and values of their society, played a significant role in shaping personality. She also emphasized the importance of a person's relationships with others, particularly their parents, in development.

Question 10

The collective unconscious is to _____ as the inferiority complex is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The collective unconscious is a concept introduced by Carl Jung, while the inferiority complex is a concept introduced by Alfred Adler. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 11

Despite the fact that Jacob is actually incompetent at many of the tasks that his job entails, he is constantly bragging about his accomplishments, abilities, and skills. Alfred Adler would probably suggest that Jacob has developed _____ to cover up his weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler's theory suggests that individuals may develop a superiority complex as a way to cover up their feelings of inferiority. This may involve overcompensating and exaggerating their accomplishments and abilities, even if they do not truly possess them. Jacob's behavior of constantly bragging about his abilities despite his incompetence could be seen as a manifestation of a superiority complex.

Question 12

In contrast to Freud's view of psychosexual development, psychoanalyst Karen Horney contended that:

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney disagreed with Freud's concept of "penis envy" and instead proposed that men experience "womb envy," where they envy women's ability to bear children.

Question 13

The collective unconscious is to _____ as basic anxiety is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The collective unconscious is a concept from Carl Jung's psychoanalytic theory, while basic anxiety is a concept from Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theory. Therefore, the correct pairing is Jung and Horney, which is only represented by answer choice B.

Question 14

Jung was the first to describe the basic characteristics of which of the following personality types?

Accepted Answer

Jung was the first to describe the basic characteristics of the introvert versus the extravert personality types.

Question 15

It was _____ who said, "To be human means to have inferiority feelings. But in the mentally healthy person this inferiority feeling acts as a motive for productivity, as a motive for attempting to overcome obstacles, to maintain oneself in life."

Accepted Answer

The quote is from Alfred Adler, who was an Austrian psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology. He believed that feelings of inferiority were universal but could be used as motivation for growth and development.

Question 16

According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, males often envy the capacity of women to bear children, which she termed:

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that men experience a sense of inferiority and envy towards women due to their inability to bear children. She termed this as "womb envy." This concept is in contrast to Sigmund Freud's theory of "penis envy," where he believed that women feel inferior to men due to their lack of a penis.

Question 17

According to Alfred Adler, feelings of _____ are universal during infancy and childhood.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler believed that feelings of inferiority are universal during infancy and childhood. This was because children are biologically inferior to adults and must rely on them for survival. Adler also believed that these inferiority feelings could be a driving force for personal growth and development if channeled in a positive way.

Question 18

It was _____ who said, "My own belief is that man has the capacity as well as the desire to develop his potentialities and become a decent human being, and that these deteriorate if his relationship to others and hence to himself is, and continues to be, disturbed."

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney, a psychoanalyst, is known for her theories on neurosis and personality, and she emphasized the importance of social relationships in personal development.

Question 19

According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, people who move "toward" other people may have an excessive need for:

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that people who move "toward" others have an excessive need for approval and affection. They have a strong desire to be loved and accepted, and they often sacrifice their own needs and desires to maintain relationships with others. This can lead to a sense of dependency and a fear of rejection.

Question 20

Freud's personality theory was primarily based on case studies of:

Accepted Answer

Freud's personality theory was primarily based on case studies of a small number of middle-class and upper-class patients, himself, and historical figures. This included well-known patients such as Anna O. and Little Hans, as well as Freud's own self-analysis and analysis of figures such as Leonardo da Vinci and Dostoevsky.

Quiz 10: Personality