Which One of the Following Would NOT Be a Reason

Which one of the following would NOT be a reason for a firm to repurchase previously issued stocks?

A) to repel a takeover attempt
B) to pressure the market price to rise
C) management may be signaling to the shareholders that the stock is undervalued in the marketplace
D) it may be beneficial taxwise to current stockholders for the firm to use excess cash instead of using it to pay cash dividends