The faculty Plato thinks gives us the ability to tell appearance from reality is:

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Plato believed that reason, or the ability to engage in rational thought and logical analysis, is what allows us to distinguish between appearances and reality. He argued that we cannot rely on our senses alone, as they can be deceived or manipulated, but rather we must use our reason to discern what is truly real. This reasoning ability, he believed, is a faculty that sets humans apart from other animals and allows us to grasp abstract concepts and universal truths.

The Faculty Plato Thinks Gives Us the Ability to Tell